It's technically educated guesswork, but guesswork nonetheless. In other words, Fitbit, Apple, and other makers of calorie counting tech are basically performing guesswork. Any person's calorie intake and outtake will be far different from another, even if they seem to have the same physical attributes. Lastly, not all human bodies are made equal.
But in truth, not every single calorie in those fats is even available for the person to consume, as Atwater's experiment states. For one, nuts might be rich in fats, and thus entering them into calorie-tracking apps would screw up any person's diet plan. Psychology Today explains that unless a person's food intake and exercise output is accurately measured in a laboratory setting, every single calorie presented on calorie-tracking apps isn't reliable.įood intake, in particular, is often subjective in terms of counting calories.
This could include anything between how many calories are burned at rest, which is why users will often see they've already burned calories without even doing any exercise. That's where calorie-tracking apps come in. This is quite literally the system still in use today, though blowing food up is obviously not being used anymore. His conclusions were as follows: 1 gram of fat has 9 calories, and a gram each of carbs and protein contains 4 calories. Atwater then calculated the energy difference between what the people ate and what they excreted. Rounding up his experiment, he also collected the feces and urine of participants who just ate and also blew those up. That's because a calorie is scientifically defined as a unit of energy you need to heat one millimeter of water by 33 degrees F. The more calories the food has, the hotter the water would get. The resulting chemical reaction would then heat the surrounding water. To blow the food up, he ran an electric current through it. To do this, he put food inside a device called a bomb calorimeter, which also contained a very specific amount of water. His main goal was to measure the amount of heat that a chemical reaction produces. It was first measured by the American chemist Wilbur Olin Atwater during the late 19th century, using a rather curious method.Ītwater's method was, quite literally, making food explode. According to Popular Science, it's simply a unit of measurement for the energy that humans put into their bodies.
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